401(k) plan

Definition
Employer-sponsored employee benefit scheme supported by the US tax code. Under this plan, a limited amount of an employee's before-tax salary is deposited into tax-deferred retirement plan where it accumulate free of tax. Withdrawals by the employee before he or she reaches the age of 59½ years attract penalties except in certain cases of hardship.

360 degree feedback

Definition
Performance-appraisal data collected from 'all around' an employee his or her peers, subordinates, supervisors, and sometimes, from internal and external customers. Its main objective usually is to assess training and development needs and to provide competence-related information for succession planning not promotion or pay increase. Also called multi-rater assessment, multi-source assessment, multi-source feedback.

Search Engine Optimization and SEO Tools

Strategic Change A change in a company’s strategy, mission and vision.
Cultural Change A change in a company’s shared values and aims.
Structural Change The reorganizing-redesigning of an organization’s
departmentalization, coordination, span of control, reporting
relationships, or centralization of decision making.
Technological Change Modifications to the work methods an organization uses to
accomplish its tasks.
Organizational HR-based techniques aimed at changing employees’ attitudes,
Development Interventions values, and behavior.
Organizational A method aimed at changing attitudes, values, and beliefs of
Development (OD) employees so that employees can improve the organizations.
Sensitivity Training A method for increasing employees’ insights into their own
Behavior by candid discussions in groups led by special trainers.
Team Building Improving the effectiveness of teams such as corporate officers
and division directors through use of consultants, interviews, and
team-building meetings.
Confrontation Meetings A method for clarifying and bringing into the open iner-group
misconceptions and problems so that they can be resolved.
Survey Research A Method That Involves Surveying Employees’ Attitudes And
providing feedback to the work groups as a basis for problem
analysis and action planning.
Total Quality Management A type of program aimed at maximizing customer
satisfaction
(TQM) through continuous improvements.
Malcolm Baldridge Award An award created by the U.S. Department of Commerce to
recognize quality efforts of U.S. companies.
Functional Team A quality improvement team composed of volunteers who typically
work together as natural work units.
Cross-Functional Team A quality improvement team formed to address problems that cut
across organizational boundaries.
Lead Team A quality improvement team headed by a vice president or other
manager that serves as a steering committee for all the teams
that operate in its area.

Training and Developing Employees

Employee Orientation A procedure for providing new employees with basic background
information about the firm.
Training The process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need
to perform their jobs.
Task Analysis A detailed study of a job to identify the skills required so that an
appropriate training program may be instituted.
Performance Analysis Careful study of performance to identify a deficiency and then
correct it with new equipment, a new employee, a training
program, or some other adjustment.
On-The-Job Training (OJT) Training a person to learn a job while working at it.
Job Instruction Training Listing of each job's basic tasks, along with key points in order to
(JIT) provide step-by-step training for employees.
Programmed Learning A systematic method for teaching job skills involving presenting
questions or facts, allowing the person to respond, and giving the
learner immediate feedback on the accuracy of his or her
answers.
Vestibule or simulated Training employees on special off-the-job equipment, as in
Learning airplane pilot training, whereby training costs and hazards can be
reduced.
Management Any attempt to improve current or future management
Development performance by imparting knowledge, changing attitudes, or
increasing skills.
Succession Planning A process through which senior-level openings are planned for
and eventually filled.
Job Rotation A management training technique that involves moving a trainee
from department to department to broaden his or her experience
and identify strong and weak points.
Action Learning A training technique by which management trainees are allowed
to work full time analyzing and solving problems in other
departments.
Case Study Method A development method in which the manager is presented with a
written description of an organizational problem to diagnose and
solve.
Management Game A development technique in which teams of managers compete
with one another by making computerized decisions regarding
realistic but simulated companies.
Role Playing A training technique in which trainees act out the parts of people
in a realistic management situation.
Behavior Modeling A training technique in which trainees are first shown good
management techniques in a film, are then asked to play roles in
a simulated situation, and are then given feedback and praise by
their superior.
Controlled Formal methods for testing the effectiveness of a training
Experimentation program, preferably with before-and-after tests and a control
group.

Personnel Planning and Recruiting

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Trend Analysis Study of a firm's past employment needs over a period of
years to predict future needs.
Ratio Analysis A forecasting technique for determining future staff needs
by using ratios between sales volume and number of
employees needed.
Scatter Plot A graphical method used to help identify the relationship
between two variables.
Computerized Forecast The determination of future staff needs by projecting a
firm's sales, volume of production, and personnel required
to maintain this volume of output, using computers and
software packages.
Qualifications Inventories Manual or computerized systematic records,
listing employees' education, career and development
interests, languages, special skills, and so on, to be used
in forecasting inside candidates for promotion.
Personnel Replacement Company records showing present performance and
promotability of inside candidates for the most important
positions.